Repositorio
Institucional

Donoso, Pablo J.

Promis, Alvaro

Loguercio, Gabriel A.

Attis Beltran, Hernan

Casseli, Marina

Chauchard, Luis M.

Cruz, Gustavo

Gonzalez Penalba, Marcelo

Martinez Pastur, Guillermo

Navarro, Celso

Nunez, Patricio

Salas-Eljatib, Christian

Soto, Daniel P.

Vasquez-Grandon, Angelica

Silviculture of South American temperate native forests

SCION

NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF FORESTRY SCIENCE

en

Background: South America has the largest area of temperate forests in the Southern Hemisphere, which grow in diverse site conditions. The aim of this paper is to review the practices of silviculture applied and recommended for these temperate forests, and to discuss prospects to develop new silvicultural proposals to improve sustainability, adaptation and in-situ conservation of forest ecosystems. Methods: We reviewed the silviculture knowledge in four major forest types: 1) The Nothofagus-dominated forests of south-central Chile, 2) the Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests, 3) the Nothofagus and Austrocedrus chilensis (D.Don) Pic. Serm. & Bizzarri forests in the Argentinean Northern Patagonia, and 4) the Cool temperate Nothofagus forests and Magellanic rainforests. Results: In Chile, both Nothofagus-dominated and Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests are diverse in tree species, and mixed-species silviculture with commercially valuable species of variable shade tolerance is most promising. Some secondary forests can reach growth rates as high as 20 m(3)ha(-1)yr(-1). After thinnings, stands with 35-60% of residual densities have shown the best responses in growth. Even-aged silvicultural methods have shown a rapid reorganization and development of new cohorts, although, where Chusquea species are conspicuous, regeneration establishment requires controlling competing vegetation. Preliminary results also show interesting prospects for single-tree selection cuts in uneven-aged forests. East of the Andes, in Argentina, mixed Nothofagus forests and pure and mixed Nothofagus and A. chilensis forests occur. The shelterwood method has been the most practised and successful in the mixed Nothofagus forests, with abundant regeneration, and good growth rates. For A. chilensis forests, an adaptive management approach is proposed, conditioned by the cypress disease attack (e.g., Phytophthora austrocedri). Conversion of pure A. chilensis to mixed A. chilensis-N. dombeyi forests could increase growth considerably. Finally, in the cool temperate Nothofagus forests and Magellanic rainforests, shared by Chile and Argentina, the regular shelterwood cuts have been the most common silvicultural method, with massive regeneration a decade after the regeneration felling. Since the two major Nothofagus species in these forests regenerate well in gaps, uneven-aged silviculture seems also promising. Conclusions: There is abundant knowledge about the silviculture of these forest types. However, there are opportunities for several silvicultural systems to better contribute to sustainable forest management, reverse forest degradation, and cope with climate change challenges, primarily through developing mixed and single-species productive and carbon-rich forests, with greater adaptive capacity.

artículo original

Pablo J. Donoso acknowledges research grant FONDECYT No 1210147. Daniel P. Soto acknowledges research grant FONDECYT No 11181140.

10.33494/nzjfs522022x173x

PDF

Nothofagus-dominated forests

Angiosperm-dominated evergreen forests

pure and mixed Austrocedrus chilensis forests

cool temperate Nothofagus forests

Magellanic rainforests

Valdivian temperate forests

Magellanic subpolar forests

TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO

NOTHOFAGUS-PUMILIO FORESTS

OLD-GROWTH FORESTS

AUSTROCEDRUS-CHILENSIS

RAIN-FORESTS

SITE INDEX

BASAL AREA

SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS

SHELTERWOOD SYSTEM

LIGHT AVAILABILITY

Silvicultura

Bosques dominados por Nothofagus

Bosques siempreverdes dominados por angiospermas

Bosques puros y mixtos de Austrocedrus chilensis

Bosques templados fríos de Nothofagus

Selvas tropicales magallánicas

Bosques templados valdivianos

Bosques subpolares magallánicos

TIERRA-DEL-FUEGO

BOSQUES NOTHOFAGUS-PUMILIO

BOSQUES ANTIGUOS

AUSTROCEDRUS-CHILENSIS

BOSQUES LLUVIALES

ÍNDICE DE SITIO

ÁREA BASAL

SISTEMAS SILVOPASTORALES

SISTEMA SHELTERWOOD

DISPONIBILIDAD DE LUZ

Silviculture of South American temperate native forests

artículo original

version publicada

CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0

acceso abierto

acceso abierto

ANID-FONDECYT 1210147

ANID-FONDECYT 11181140

ANID FONDECYT 1210147

ANID FONDECYT 11181140

WOS:000747135700001