Repositorio
Institucional

Yusuf, Salim

Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu

Teo, Koon K.

Britz-McKibbin, Philip

Gill, Biban

Islam, Shofiqul

Pare, Guillaume

Rangarajan, Sumathy

Duong, MyLinh

Lanas, Fernando

Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricia

Mony, Prem K.

Pinnaka, Lakshmi

Kutty, Vellappillil Raman

Orlandini, Andres

Avezum, Alvaro

Wielgosz, Andreas

Poirier, Paul

Alhabib, Khalid F.

Temizhan, Ahmet

Chifamba, Jephat

Yeates, Karen

Kruger, Iolanthe M.

Khatib, Rasha

Yusuf, Rita

Rosengren, Annika

Zatonska, Katarzyna

Iqbal, Romaina

Lui, Weida

Lang, Xinyue

Li, Sidong

Hu, Bo

Dans, Antonio L.

Yusufali, Afzal Hussein

Bahonar, Ahmad

O'Donnell, Martin J.

McKee, Martin

Variations in risks from smoking between high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of data from 179 000 participants from 63 countries

ELSEVIER SCI LTD

LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH

en

Background Separate studies suggest that the risks from smoking might vary between high-income (HICs), middle-income (MICs), and low-income (LICs) countries, but this has not yet been systematically examined within a single study using standardised approaches. We examined the variations in risks from smoking across different country income groups and some of their potential reasons. Methods We analysed data from 134 909 participants from 21 countries followed up for a median of 11.3 years in the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) cohort study, 9711 participants with myocardial infarction and 11 362 controls from 52 countries in the INTERHEART case-control study, and 11 580 participants with stroke and 11 331 controls from 32 countries in the INTERSTROKE case-control study. In PURE, all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular disease, cancers, respiratory diseases, and their composite were the primary outcomes for this analysis. Biochemical verification of urinary total nicotine equivalent was done in a substudy of 1000 participants in PURE. Findings In PURE, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the composite outcome in current smokers (vs never smokers) was higher in HICs (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.65-2.12) than in MICs (1.41, 1.34-1.49) and LICs (1.35, 1 .25-1.46, interaction p<0.0001). Similar patterns were observed for each component of the composite outcome in PURE, myocardial infarction in INTERHEART, and stroke in INTERSTROKE. The median levels of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide displayed on the cigarette packs from PURE HICs were higher than those on the packs from MICs. In PURE, the proportion of never smokers reporting high second-hand smoke exposure (>= 1 times/day) was 6.3% in HICs, 23.2% in MICs, and 14.0% in LICs. The adjusted geometric mean total nicotine equivalent was higher among current smokers in HICs (47.2 mu M) than in MICs (31. 1 mu M) and LICs (25.2 mu M, ANCOVA p<0.0001). By contrast, it was higher among never smokers in LICs (18.8 mu M) and MICs (11.3 mu M) than in HICs (5.0 mu M, ANCOVA p=0.0001). Interpretation The variations in risks from smoking between country income groups are probably related to the higher exposure of tobacco-derived toxicants among smokers in HICs and higher rates of high second-hand smoke exposure among never smokers in MICs and LICs. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.

artículo original

10.1016/S2214-109X(21)00509-X

PDF

MORTALITY

HAZARDS

ASSOCIATION

CESSATION

DEATH

PURE

Salud pública

ambiental y ocupacional

MORTALIDAD

PELIGROS

ASOCIACIÓN

CESACIÓN

MUERTE

PURA

Salud Pública y Ambiental

Epidemiología

Sistema Cardiovascular y Cardiaco

Variations in risks from smoking between high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: an analysis of data from 179 000 participants from 63 countries

E216

E226

artículo original

version publicada

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

acceso abierto

acceso abierto

WOS:000759637600025