Repositorio
Institucional

Baranski, Erica,

Sweeny, Kate

Gardiner, Gwendolyn

Funder, David C.

International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

WILEY

JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY

en

Objective The current exploratory study sought to examine dispositional optimism, or the general expectation for positive outcomes, around the world. Method Dispositional optimism and possible correlates were assessed across 61 countries (N = 15,185, mean age = 21.92, 77% female). Mean-level differences in optimism were computed along with their relationships with individual and country-level variables. Results Worldwide, mean optimism levels were above the midpoint of the scale. Perhaps surprisingly, country-level optimism was negatively related to gross domestic product per capita, population density, and democratic norms and positively related to income inequality and perceived corruption. However, country-level optimism was positively related to projected economic improvement. Individual-level optimism was positively related to individual well-being within every country, although this relationship was less strong in countries with challenging economic and social circumstances. Conclusions While individuals around the world are generally optimistic, societal characteristics appear to affect the degree to which their optimism is associated with psychological well-being, sometimes in seemingly anomalous ways.

artículo original

The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. The Center for Open Science built and hosted the multi-lingual data-gathering web site. The research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant BCS-1528131. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the individual researchers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. Data gathering in the Czech Republic were supported by grant 17-14387S by the Czech Science Foundation and by institutional research funding RVO: 68081740 from the Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences. Data gathering in Chile were partly supported by the Centre for Social Conflict and Cohesion Studies (FONDAP 15130009) and Center for Intercultural and Indigenous Research (CIIR) (FONDAP 15110006).

El autor(es) reveló haber recibido el siguiente apoyo financiero para la investigación, autoría y/o publicación de este artículo. El Centro para la Ciencia Abierta creó y alojó el sitio web multilingüe de recopilación de datos. La investigación fue apoyada por la Fundación Nacional de Ciencias de EE. UU. bajo la subvención BCS-1528131. Cualquier opinión, hallazgo, conclusión o recomendación expresada en este material es la de los investigadores individuales y no refleja necesariamente los puntos de vista de la National Science Foundation. La recopilación de datos en la República Checa fue financiada por la subvención 17-14387S de la Fundación Checa de Ciencias y por la financiación institucional para investigación RVO: 68081740 del Instituto de Psicología de la Academia Checa de Ciencias. La recopilación de datos en Chile contó con el apoyo parcial del Centro de Estudios de Cohesión y Conflicto Social (FONDAP 15130009) y el Centro de Investigaciones Interculturales e Indígenas (CIIR) (FONDAP 15110006).

10.1111/jopy.12582

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cross-cultural

dispositional optimism

well-being

QUALITY-OF-LIFE

PESSIMISM

HAPPINESS

MODEL

PERSONALITY

NEUROTICISM

DIMENSIONS

UNIVERSAL

HEALTH

Psicología Social

transcultural

optimismo disposicional

bienestar

CALIDAD DE VIDA

PESIMISMO

FELICIDAD

MODELO

PERSONALIDAD

NEUROTICISMO

DIMENSIONES

UNIVERSAL

SALUD

Otras Especialidades de la Psicología

Economía

Sociología

International optimism: Correlates and consequences of dispositional optimism across 61 countries

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artículo original

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metadata

metadata

ANID-FONDAP 15130009

ANID-FONDAP 15110006

NSF BCS-1528131

CAS RVO: 68081740

ANID FONDAP 15130009

ANID FONDAP 15110006

WOS:000563742000001