Repositorio
Institucional

Roa, Juan Carlos

Riquelme, Ismael

Perez-Moreno, Pablo

Letelier, Pablo

Brebi, Priscilla

The Emerging Role of PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Updated Perspective

MDPI

CANCERS

en

Simple Summary Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are high mortality malignancies due to late diagnosis, the presence of metastasis and drug resistance development. Novel and more reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets are still needed for these diseases. PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small transcripts that are involve in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis and have been proposed as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets in these malignancies. This review describes important topics about piRNAs including their molecular characteristics, biosynthesis processes, gene expression silencing mechanisms, and the manner in which these transcripts have been studied in samples and cell lines of GI cancers. In addition, this article discusses the potential clinical usefulness of piRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GI cancers. Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers produce ~3.4 million related deaths worldwide, comprising 35% of all cancer-related deaths. The high mortality among GI cancers is due to late diagnosis, the presence of metastasis and drug resistance development. Additionally, current clinical markers do not adequately guide patient management, thereby new and more reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets are still needed for these diseases. RNA-seq technology has allowed the discovery of new types of RNA transcripts including PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which have particular characteristics that enable these molecules to act via diverse molecular mechanisms for regulating gene expression. Cumulative evidence has described the potential role of piRNAs in the development of several tumor types as a likely explanation for certain genomic abnormalities and signaling pathways' deregulations observed in cancer. In addition, these piRNAs might be also proposed as promising diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers or as potential therapeutic targets in malignancies. This review describes important topics about piRNAs including their molecular characteristics, biosynthesis processes, gene expression silencing mechanisms, and the manner in which these transcripts have been studied in samples and cell lines of GI cancers to elucidate their implications in these diseases. Moreover, this article discusses the potential clinical usefulness of piRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in GI cancers.

artículo de revisión

This research received funding from the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) [No.3210237 to P.P.-M., No. 1210440 to P.B., No. 1221345 to J.C.R.], the Research Direction from Universidad Autonoma de Chile (DIUA) [No. 226-2021 to I.R.], Vicerrectoria Investigacion de Universidad Catolica de Temuco [No. FIAII 2021-01 to P.L.], the Research Direction from Universidad de La Frontera (DIUFRO) [No. DI20-0128 to P.B.], FONDEF Idea [No. ID21I10027 to P.B.], the Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII) [No. ICN2021_045 to P.P.-M., J.C.R. and P.B.], and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [No.825510 to J.C.R.].

Esta investigación recibió financiamiento del Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) [N°3210237 a P.P.-M., No. 1210440 a P.B., N° 1221345 a J.C.R.], la Dirección de Investigaciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile (DIUA) [N°. 226-2021 a I.R.], Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad Católica de Temuco [No. FIAII 2021-01 a P.L.], la Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de La Frontera (DIUFRO) [No. DI20-0128 a P.B.], Idea FONDEF [No. ID21I10027 a P.B.], el Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia (IMII) [No. ICN2021_045 a P.P.-M., J.C.R. y P.B.], y el Consejo Europeo de Investigación (ERC) en el marco del Programa de Investigación e Innovación Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea [No.825510 a J.C.R.].

This research received funding from the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT) [No.3210237 to P.P.-M.; No. 1210440 to P.B.; No. 1221345 to J.C.R.], the Research Direction from Universidad Autonoma de Chile (DIUA) [No. 226-2021 to I.R.], Vicerrectoria Investigacion de Universidad Catolica de Temuco [No. FIAII 2021-01 to P.L.], the Research Direction from Universidad de La Frontera (DIUFRO) [No. DI20-0128 to P.B.], FONDEF Idea [No. ID21I10027 to P.B.], the Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy (IMII) [No. ICN2021_045 to P.P.-M., J.C.R. and P.B.], and the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme [No.825510 to J.C.R.].

Esta investigación recibió financiamiento del Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico (FONDECYT) [N°3210237 a P.P.-M.; No. 1210440 a P.B.; N° 1221345 a J.C.R.], la Dirección de Investigaciones de la Universidad Autónoma de Chile (DIUA) [N°. 226-2021 a I.R.], Vicerrectoría de Investigación de la Universidad Católica de Temuco [No. FIAII 2021-01 a P.L.], la Dirección de Investigación de la Universidad de La Frontera (DIUFRO) [No. DI20-0128 a P.B.], Idea FONDEF [No. ID21I10027 a P.B.], el Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia (IMII) [No. ICN2021_045 a P.P.-M., J.C.R. y P.B.], y el Consejo Europeo de Investigación (ERC) en el marco del Programa de Investigación e Innovación Horizonte 2020 de la Unión Europea [No.825510 a J.C.R.].

10.3390/cancers14010202

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PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs)

gastrointestinal cancers (GI cancers)

prognostic biomarkers

diagnostic biomarkers

therapeutic targets

NONCODING RNAS

PATHWAY

BIOGENESIS

DIAGNOSIS

BIOMARKER

PROTEINS

MARKERS

PIR-823

GENOME

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Oncología

ARN que interactúan con PIWI (piARN)

cánceres gastrointestinales (cánceres gastrointestinales)

biomarcadores de pronóstico

biomarcadores de diagnóstico

objetivos terapéuticos

ARN NO CODIFICADORES

CAMINO

BIOGÉNESIS

DIAGNOSIS

BIOMARCADOR

PROTEÍNAS

MARCADORES

PIR-823

GENOMA

EPIDEMIOLOGÍA

Biología Molecular

Oncología

Tecnología para la Identificación y Funcionamiento del ADN, Proteínas y Encimas y como influyen en la aparición de enfermedades y la mantención del bienestar

The Emerging Role of PIWI-Interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Updated Perspective

artículo de revisión

version publicada

CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0

acceso abierto

acceso abierto

ANID-FONDECYT 3210237

ANID-FONDECYT 1210440

ANID-FONDECYT 1221345

UA 226-2021

UCT FIAII 2021-01

ANID-FONDEF 21I10027

IMII ICN2021_045

UE 825510

ANID FONDECYT 3210237

ANID FONDECYT 1210440

ANID FONDECYT 1221345

ANID FONDEF 21I10027

WOS:000752575600001