Repositorio
Institucional

Viljur, Mari-Liis

Abella, Scott R.

Adamek, Martin

Alencar, Janderson Batista Rodrigues

Barber, Nicholas A.

Beudert, Burkhard

Burkle, Laura A.

Cagnolo, Luciano

Campos, Brent R.

Chao, Anne

Chergui, Brahim

Choi, Chang-Yong

Cleary, Daniel F. R.

Davis, Thomas Seth

Dechnik-Vazquez, Yanus A.

Downing, William M.

Fuentes-Ramirez, Andres

Gandhi, Kamal J. K.

Gehring, Catherine

Georgiev, Kostadin B.

Gimbutas, Mark

Gongalsky, Konstantin B.

Gorbunova, Anastasiya Y.

Greenberg, Cathryn H.

Hylander, Kristoffer

Jules, Erik S.

Korobushkin, Daniil I.

Koster, Kajar

Kurth, Valerie

Lanham, Joseph Drew

Lazarina, Maria

Leverkus, Alexandro B.

Lindenmayer, David

Marra, Daniel Magnabosco

Martin-Pinto, Pablo

Meave, Jorge A.

Moretti, Marco

Nam, Hyun-Young

Obrist, Martin K.

Petanidou, Theodora

Pons, Pere

Potts, Simon G.

Rapoport, Irina B.

Rhoades, Paul R.

Richter, Clark

Saifutdinov, Ruslan A.

Sanders, Nathan J.

Santos, Xavier

Steel, Zachary

Tavella, Julia

Wendenburg, Clara

Wermelinger, Beat

Zaitsev, Andrey S.

Thorn, Simon

The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis

WILEY

BIOLOGICAL REVIEWS

en

Disturbances alter biodiversity via their specific characteristics, including severity and extent in the landscape, which act at different temporal and spatial scales. Biodiversity response to disturbance also depends on the community characteristics and habitat requirements of species. Untangling the mechanistic interplay of these factors has guided disturbance ecology for decades, generating mixed scientific evidence of biodiversity responses to disturbance. Understanding the impact of natural disturbances on biodiversity is increasingly important due to human-induced changes in natural disturbance regimes. In many areas, major natural forest disturbances, such as wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks, are becoming more frequent, intense, severe, and widespread due to climate change and land-use change. Conversely, the suppression of natural disturbances threatens disturbance-dependent biota. Using a meta-analytic approach, we analysed a global data set (with most sampling concentrated in temperate and boreal secondary forests) of species assemblages of 26 taxonomic groups, including plants, animals, and fungi collected from forests affected by wildfires, windstorms, and insect outbreaks. The overall effect of natural disturbances on alpha-diversity did not differ significantly from zero, but some taxonomic groups responded positively to disturbance, while others tended to respond negatively. Disturbance was beneficial for taxonomic groups preferring conditions associated with open canopies (e.g. hymenopterans and hoverflies), whereas ground-dwelling groups and/or groups typically associated with shady conditions (e.g. epigeic lichens and mycorrhizal fungi) were more likely to be negatively impacted by disturbance. Across all taxonomic groups, the highest alpha-diversity in disturbed forest patches occurred under moderate disturbance severity, i.e. with approximately 55% of trees killed by disturbance. We further extended our meta-analysis by applying a unified diversity concept based on Hill numbers to estimate alpha-diversity changes in different taxonomic groups across a gradient of disturbance severity measured at the stand scale and incorporating other disturbance features. We found that disturbance severity negatively affected diversity for Hill number q = 0 but not for q = 1 and q = 2, indicating that diversity-disturbance relationships are shaped by species relative abundances. Our synthesis of alpha-diversity was extended by a synthesis of disturbance-induced change in species assemblages, and revealed that disturbance changes the beta-diversity of multiple taxonomic groups, including some groups that were not affected at the alpha-diversity level (birds and woody plants). Finally, we used mixed rarefaction/extrapolation to estimate biodiversity change as a function of the proportion of forests that were disturbed, i.e. the disturbance extent measured at the landscape scale. The comparison of intact and naturally disturbed forests revealed that both types of forests provide habitat for unique species assemblages, whereas species diversity in the mixture of disturbed and undisturbed forests peaked at intermediate values of disturbance extent in the simulated landscape. Hence, the relationship between alpha-diversity and disturbance severity in disturbed forest stands was strikingly similar to the relationship between species richness and disturbance extent in a landscape consisting of both disturbed and undisturbed forest habitats. This result suggests that both moderate disturbance severity and moderate disturbance extent support the highest levels of biodiversity in contemporary forest landscapes.

artículo original

A. B. L. acknowledges grant LRB20/1002 from the British Ecological Society and grant B-FQM-366-UGR20 from Junta de Andalucia/FEDER. A. F. R. thanks Centro ANID Basal FB210015 (CENAMAD) and grant DIUFRO DI20-0066, Direccion de Investigacion Universidad de La Frontera. C. H. G. is grateful to Stanlee Miller for his contribution to the study by Greenberg & Miller (2004). J. B. R. A. thanks the Community Ecology Lab () and the Laboratorio de Sistematica e Ecologia de Coleoptera of the National Institute for Amazonian Research (LASEC/INPA). D. M. M. and J. B. R. A. thank the Forest Management Laboratory of the National Institute for Amazonian Research (LMF/INPA) for logistic support. D. M. M. was supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the Max Planck Society (MPG). The study site of D. M. M. and J. B. R. A. is supported by the INCT Madeiras da Amazonia and the ATTO Project, which is funded by the BMBF (contracts 01LB1001A and 01LK1602A), the Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI/FINEP, contract 01.11.01248.00) and the MPG. K. B. Go. and A. S. Z. thank Russian Science Foundation (project No 21-14-00227) for facilitating soil invertebrate data collection at the sites in European Russia. M. A. was supported by LTC 20058 Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports, Czech Republic and by long-term research development project of the Czech Academy of Sciences RVO67985939. M.-L. V. and S. T. were supported by the project TH 2218/5-1. S. G. P. was supported by NERC project GR3/11743. T. P. and M. L. were supported by the Greek project POL-AEGIS, Program THALES, grant MIS 376737. We thank Jari Kouki for his comments and help with using the data published in Salo & Kouki (2018) and Salo, Domisch & Kouki (2019). We also thank an anonymous reviewer for their comments. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.

A. B. L. reconoce la subvención LRB20/1002 de la Sociedad Ecológica Británica y la subvención B-FQM-366-UGR20 de la Junta de Andalucía/FEDER. A. F. R. agradece al Centro ANID Basal FB210015 (CENAMAD) y la subvención DIUFRO DI20-0066, Dirección de Investigación Universidad de La Frontera. C. H. G. agradece a Stanlee Miller su contribución al estudio de Greenberg & Miller (2004). J. B. R. A. agradece al Community Ecology Lab () y al Laboratorio de Sistematica e Ecologia de Coleoptera del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Amazónicas (LASEC/INPA). D. M. M. y J. B. R. A. agradecen al Laboratorio de Manejo Forestal del Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Amazónicas (LMF/INPA) por el apoyo logístico. D. M. M. contó con el apoyo del Ministerio Federal Alemán de Educación e Investigación (BMBF) y la Sociedad Max Planck (MPG). El sitio de estudio de D. M. M. y J. B. R. A. cuenta con el apoyo del INCT Madeiras da Amazonia y el Proyecto ATTO, financiado por el BMBF (contratos 01LB1001A y 01LK1602A), el Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación de Brasil (MCTI/FINEP, contrato 01.11. 01248.00) y el MPG. K. B. Ir. y A. S. Z. agradecen a la Russian Science Foundation (proyecto n.º 21-14-00227) por facilitar la recopilación de datos sobre invertebrados del suelo en los sitios de la Rusia europea. M. A. recibió el apoyo del Ministerio de Educación, Juventud y Deportes de la República Checa, LTC 20058, y del proyecto de desarrollo de investigación a largo plazo de la Academia Checa de Ciencias RVO67985939. M.-L. V. y S. T. contaron con el apoyo del proyecto TH 2218/5-1. S. G. P. contó con el apoyo del proyecto NERC GR3/11743. T. P. y M. L. recibieron el apoyo del proyecto griego POL-AEGIS, Programa THALES, subvención MIS 376737. Agradecemos a Jari Kouki por sus comentarios y ayuda con el uso de los datos publicados en Salo & Kouki (2018) y Salo, Domisch & Kouki (2019). . También agradecemos a un revisor anónimo por sus comentarios. Financiamiento de Acceso Abierto habilitado y organizado por Projekt DEAL.

10.1111/brv.12876

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natural disturbance

diversity-disturbance relationship

disturbance severity

disturbance extent

intermediate disturbance hypothesis

forest communities

alpha-diversity

beta-diversity

SPECIES-DIVERSITY

ENVIRONMENTAL HETEROGENEITY

FUNCTIONAL-RESPONSES

VEGETATION DYNAMICS

BEETLE COMMUNITIES

DECIDUOUS FORESTS

WIND DISTURBANCE

BIRD ASSEMBLAGES

SOUTHERN SLOPE

FIRE

Biología

perturbación natural

relación diversidad-perturbación

severidad de la perturbación

extensión de la perturbación

hipótesis de perturbación intermedia

comunidades forestales

diversidad-alfa

diversidad beta

DIVERSIDAD DE ESPECIES

HETEROGENEIDAD AMBIENTAL

RESPUESTAS FUNCIONALES

DINÁMICA DE LA VEGETACIÓN

COMUNIDADES DE ESCARABAJOS

BOSQUES CAducifolios

VIENTO DISTURBIO

CONJUNTO DE AVES

VERDE SUR

FUEGO

The effect of natural disturbances on forest biodiversity: an ecological synthesis

1930

1947

artículo original

version publicada

CC BY 4.0

CC BY 4.0

acceso abierto

acceso abierto

BES LRB20/1002

JA FEDER B-FQM-366-UGR20

ANID FB210015

UFRO DIUFRO DI20-0066

BMBF 01LB1001A

BMBF 01LK1602A

MCTI-FINEP 01.11.01248.00

RSCF 21-14-00227

MSMT LTC 20058

CAS RVO67985939

WOS:000822209900001